BGP stands for Border Gateway Protocol. It is a routing protocol used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet. BGP allows different internet service providers (ISPs) to exchange routing information and determine the most efficient paths for traffic to flow. BGP is more complex than other routing protocols because it takes into account multiple paths, policies, and preferences. It assigns attributes to each pathway and determines the best route based on those attributes. This protocol is crucial for the proper functioning of the internet.