Uniswap is a decentralized exchange protocol that enables swapping of cryptocurrencies without the need for an intermediary or central authority. It uses an automated market maker system where traders can exchange ERC-20 tokens in a trustless and permissionless manner. Uniswap runs on the Ethereum network and is powered by smart contracts. It also allows for liquidity providers to earn rewards by depositing cryptocurrency into liquidity pools, which are used to facilitate trades on the platform. Uniswap has gained immense popularity in the decentralized finance (DeFi) space due to its unique approach to trading and liquidity provision.