When a user enters a domain name into their web browser or other application, the application sends a query to a local DNS resolver. If the local resolver does not have the requested domain name cached, it sends a query to one of the 13 root DNS servers.
The query packet contains the requested domain name and the type of record being requested (such as A record or MX record). The root DNS server examines the domain name and its top-level domain (TLD) to determine which TLD name server is responsible for the domain.
The root DNS server responds to the query with the IP address of the TLD name server. The local resolver then sends a query to the TLD name server, which responds with the IP address of the authoritative DNS server for the domain.
The local resolver then sends a query to the authoritative DNS server and receives the IP address associated with the domain name. This IP address is returned to the application that requested it, and the application can then initiate a connection to the IP address to access the desired service or content.
Overall, the process of using root DNS servers involves a series of queries and responses between the user’s application, the local DNS resolver, the root DNS server, and the TLD and authoritative DNS servers responsible for the requested domain name.
