Docker namespace is a feature that provides isolated workspaces called namespaces which are similar to virtual machines but much more lightweight. A namespace contains its own Process IDs (PIDs), network, user IDs, and file systems that are separate from other namespaces and the host system. It is a critical feature that provides isolation and separation of resources on an operating system level, which allows multiple workloads to coexist on the same system without interfering with each other. This concept is fundamental to Docker and many other container technologies.