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How are subnets handled in IPv4?


Subnets in IPv4 are created by dividing the IP address space into smaller, more manageable chunks, called subnetworks or subnets. This is done by borrowing bits from the host portion of the IP address and using them to create a separate prefix called the subnet mask or subnet prefix.

For example, let’s say we have an IPv4 address of 192.168.0.1 and we want to create subnets. We can borrow bits from the host portion of the address to create subnets with smaller ranges of host addresses. We can use the subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 to create a /24 subnet, which means that the first 24 bits are used for the network portion and the remaining 8 bits are used for the host portion.

This means that any IP address that falls within the range of 192.168.0.0/24 to 192.168.0.255/24 belongs to the same subnet. We can further divide this subnet into smaller subnets by borrowing additional bits from the host portion of the IP address.

Subnets are important for managing network traffic, as they allow for more efficient routing and the optimization of network resources. They also help to improve network security by providing a way to isolate and segment different parts of the network.


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