TCP and UDP are transport layer protocols that work with IPv4.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented protocol that provides reliable communication. It ensures that data is transmitted in the correct order and that the recipient acknowledges receipt of all packets. When establishing a connection, a three-way handshake is used to synchronize both ends of the communication. After the connection is established, data is sent in segments, and the sender waits for an acknowledgment from the receiver that the data was received before sending more. TCP is used for applications that require reliable communication, such as file transfers, email, and web browsing.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless protocol that provides unreliable communication. It does not guarantee that data will be transmitted in the correct order or that all packets will be received by the recipient. UDP is used for applications that do not require reliable communication, such as video streaming, online gaming, and VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol).
Both TCP and UDP protocols work with IPv4 by encapsulating their segments with IP headers, which include the source and destination IP addresses. The IP header also includes other information necessary for routing the packet through the network. Once the packets arrive at their destination, the transport layer protocol (TCP or UDP) strips off the IP header and delivers the data to the application layer.
