Object-oriented programming (OOP) in Python is a programming paradigm that relies on the concept of “classes” and “objects”. It is used to structure a software program into simple, reusable pieces of code blueprints (classes) which are used to create individual instances of objects.
In OOP, objects have attributes and behaviors. Attributes are data stored inside a class or instance and represent the state or quality of the class or instance. In short, attributes store information about the instance. Behaviors are represented by methods, which are functions defined within the class.
Key principles of OOP in Python include:
1. Inheritance: A process of using details from a new class without modifying existing class.
2. Encapsulation: Hiding the private details of a class from other objects.
3. Polymorphism: A concept of using common operation in different ways for different data input.
OOP makes it clear who is responsible for what and how different parts of a system should interact. It makes the code more manageable and flexible, and complex applications easier to understand and maintain.
