A coroutine is a component used in Python for asynchronous programming. It is essentially a function that can pause and resume its execution. It allows other parts of the program to run between these pauses, making it possible to handle non-blocking computations and IO-bound tasks. Coroutines are defined using the “async def” keywords and can be paused during their execution by the “await” keyword. They are a key part of Python’s “asyncio” library for handling asynchronous IO.