TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) uses a variety of techniques to deal with network congestions. Some of these techniques include:
1. Slow Start: TCP starts with a small number of packets and gradually increases its rate of transmission. This ensures that the network does not get overwhelmed with too much traffic at once.
1. Congestion Avoidance: As traffic builds up, TCP checks for congestion signals such as lost packets, delayed acknowledgments, and high network utilization. TCP then slows down its rate of transmission to avoid further congestion.
1. Fast Retransmit: If a packet is lost or delayed, TCP will quickly retransmit the packet instead of waiting for a timeout. This helps to reduce the amount of traffic on the network.
1. Window Scaling: TCP uses a sliding window to control the amount of data sent between two devices. When congestion occurs, TCP reduces the size of the window to reduce the amount of data sent.
1. Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN): TCP can receive explicit signals from routers indicating that the network is congested. TCP then reduces its rate of transmission to avoid further congestion.
Overall, TCP is designed to be a reliable and efficient protocol that can function well even in the presence of network congestion.
