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How to configure a mail server with Postfix on a VPS?


The following guide assumes you have basic knowledge about Linux administration, including being comfortable with the command-line interface (CLI). Follow the steps below to set up a mail server with Postfix on a Virtual Private Server (VPS).

This guide will walk you through setting up Postfix as the SMTP server, but you’ll need additional software to handle POP/IMAP and webmail.

Step 1: Update Your System.

Before starting any software installation, it’s always a good idea to update your system packages to avoid any software dependencies later on. Use the following command to update all the packages:

```
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
```

Step 2: Install Postfix.

In this step, you will install Postfix using the command below:

```
sudo apt-get install postfix
```

During the installation process, an installation wizard will guide you. You will be asked some questions regarding your new mail server. Here’s how to answer:

- General type of mailing configuration: Internet Site
- System mail name: your domain name (like ‘server.com’)

Step 3: Configuring Postfix.

The main configuration file for Postfix is /etc/postfix/main.cf. The following command will open the file in a text editor:

```
sudo nano /etc/postfix/main.cf
```

In this file, you’ll need to set up several parameters:

```
myhostname = mail.your-domain.com
mydomain = your-domain.com
myorigin = $mydomain
inet_interfaces = all
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8, your_network/24
home_mailbox = Maildir/
```

After making all the changes, save the changes and exit the editor.

Now you need to reload the Postfix daemon to make these changes come into effect:

```
sudo systemctl reload postfix
```

Step 4: Configuring the Firewall.

In case you have a firewall, you will have to open the SMTP and Submission ports:

```
sudo ufw allow Postfix
```

Step 5: Testing the SMTP Server.

In this step, you will check whether the SMTP server is working correctly:

```
telnet localhost 25
```

After you’re done, type:

```
quit
```

You have now installed and configured your Postfix mail server. Please keep in mind that this is a basic setup and actual production server may require additional steps such as setting up an IMAP/POP3 server (Dovecot is commonly used), implementing SSL for mail security, etc.

Also note that if you are hosting on a VPS from Amazon, Google or Azure there might be additional steps or restrictions for sending mail directly from your server to prevent spam. It might be necessary to use a 3rd party relay service like SendGrid or SES.


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