Package managers are software tools that automate the process of installing, upgrading, configuring, and removing computer programs in a consistent manner. Here’s how to use the package managers named `apt` (commonly used with Ubuntu and other Debian-based distributions) and `yum` (commonly used with CentOS and other Red Hat-based distributions) on a VPS (Virtual Private Server). Before starting, you’ll need to access your server via SSH.
Using `apt`:
1. Update the package list:
```
sudo apt-get update
```
1. Install a package:
```
sudo apt-get install package-name
```
1. Upgrade a specific package:
```
sudo apt-get upgrade package-name
```
1. Remove a package:
```
sudo apt-get remove package-name
```
1. Search for a package:
```
apt-cache search package-name
```
1. Upgrade all system packages:
```
sudo apt-get upgrade
```
Using `yum`:
1. Update the package list:
```
sudo yum check-update
```
1. Install a package:
```
sudo yum install package-name
```
1. Upgrade a specific package:
```
sudo yum update package-name
```
1. Remove a package:
```
sudo yum remove package-name
```
1. Search for a package:
```
yum search package-name
```
1. Upgrade all system packages:
```
sudo yum update
```
Replace `package-name` with the name of the package you want to install, upgrade, or remove. Make sure you’re running these commands as a superuser (that’s what `sudo` is for).
Note: Always remember to update your package list before installing new packages to ensure you’re installing the latest version available in the repository.
