Ethereum sharding is a scaling solution being developed for the Ethereum blockchain. It involves dividing the network into smaller, more manageable parts called “shards” that operate in parallel with each other to increase the network’s throughput and capacity for processing transactions. Each shard would have its own set of accounts and smart contracts, allowing for more transactions to be processed simultaneously without overwhelming the main Ethereum chain. This would improve the overall efficiency of the network and lower the cost of transactions.